![]() ![]() Herodotus, who has been called the 'Father of History', was born in 484 BC in Halicarnassus, Asia Minor (then under Persian overlordship). Practically the only primary source for the Ionian Revolt is the Greek historian Herodotus. Main article: Herodotus Coin of Chios just before the revolt, circa 525–510 BC. In 492 BC, the first Persian invasion of Greece, the next phase of the Greco-Persian Wars, began as a direct consequence of the Ionian Revolt. Moreover, seeing that the myriad city states of Greece posed a continued threat to the stability of his Empire, according to Herodotus, Darius decided to conquer the whole of Greece. Although Asia Minor had been brought back into the Persian fold, Darius vowed to punish Athens and Eretria for their support of the revolt. The Ionian Revolt constituted the first major conflict between Greece and the Persian Empire, and as such represents the first phase of the Greco-Persian Wars. The Persians spent 493 BC reducing the cities along the west coast that still held out against them, before finally imposing a peace settlement on Ionia which was generally considered to be both just and fair. This double defeat effectively ended the revolt, and the Carians surrendered to the Persians as a result. Miletus was then besieged, captured, and its population was brought under Persian rule. The Ionian fleet sought to defend Miletus by sea, but was decisively beaten at the Battle of Lade, after the defection of the Samians. ![]() This battle had started a stalemate for the rest of 496 BC and 495 BC.īy 494 BC the Persian army and navy had regrouped, and they made straight for the epicentre of the rebellion at Miletus. While initially campaigning successfully in Caria, this army was annihilated in an ambush at the Battle of Pedasus. The Persians responded in 497 BC with a three pronged attack aimed at recapturing the outlying areas of the rebellion, but the spread of the revolt to Caria meant that the largest army, under Daurises, relocated there. This campaign was the only offensive action by the Ionians, who subsequently went on the defensive. However, on their return journey to Ionia, they were followed by Persian troops, and decisively beaten at the Battle of Ephesus. In 498 BC, supported by troops from Athens and Eretria, the Ionians marched on, captured, and burnt Sardis. The mission was a debacle, and sensing his imminent removal as tyrant, Aristagoras chose to incite the whole of Ionia into rebellion against the Persian king Darius the Great. In 499 BC, the tyrant of Miletus, Aristagoras, launched a joint expedition with the Persian satrap Artaphernes to conquer Naxos, in an attempt to bolster his position. The cities of Ionia had been conquered by Persia around 540 BC, and thereafter were ruled by native tyrants, nominated by the Persian satrap in Sardis. At the heart of the rebellion was the dissatisfaction of the Greek cities of Asia Minor with the tyrants appointed by Persia to rule them, along with the individual actions of two Milesian tyrants, Histiaeus and Aristagoras. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.The Ionian Revolt, and associated revolts in Aeolis, Doris, Cyprus and Caria, were military rebellions by several Greek regions of Asia Minor against Persian rule, lasting from 499 BC to 493 BC. G1364 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible.(1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter δίς in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2023).(1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963 (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press δίς in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette.“ δίς”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers.“ δίς”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers.“ δίς”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press.
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